A wild rat in New Mexico tested positive for the plague after four dogs were diagnosed with the troubling disease earlier this year, according to authorities.

A homeowner discovered the plague-ridden rodent dead on a private property in Santa Fe County and submitted it for testing, according to the New Mexico Health Department.

It is the first confirmed wild animal in Santa Fe County to test positive for the illness caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria in 2026, the health department said.

The case follows four other confirmed plague cases in dogs this year — including three pooches in Santa Fe County and one in Bernalillo County.

“While this is an animal case of plague, it’s important to remember humans can get plague from flea bites or direct contact with infected animals, including rodents, wildlife and even pets,” Dr. Chad Smelser, deputy state epidemiologist for NMDOH, said in a statement.

“Pets can be infected with plague if they eat an infected animal or are bitten by infected fleas,” Smelser said.

Although human cases of the plague are rare, roughly half of all cases in the US each year occur in New Mexico, according to the health department.

The disease can be life-threatening without proper treatment, but if it’s caught early, it can be treated with antibiotics, officials added.

Symptoms in humans include sudden high fever, chills, headache, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes.

Infected pets similarly suffer from fever, low energy, loss of appetite, and swollen lymph nodes, experts added.

The New Mexico Health Department cautioned residents to take several steps to prevent themselves and their contracting the plague — including cleaning up areas near homes such as woodpiles, brush piles, junk and abandoned vehicles, where rodents could live.

Pet food and water should be kept away from where rodents and wildlife can get to them, and people should stay away from sick or dead rodents and rabbits.

Pets should use veterinarian-approved flea control products and be promptly taken to a veterinarian if they are sick.

Last year, a man in Arizona and a domestic cat in Colorado died of the bubonic plague.

A 43-year-old man from Valencia County in New Mexico was also hospitalized with the disease in 2025.