Archaeologists unearth shark world lost beneath Egypt’s desert for 70 million years

Forget the lost legendary world of Atlantis — scientists have discovered a new forgotten abyss left largely untapped for more than 70 million years (this time real, and with sharks).

According to a study recently published in the journal Cretaceous Research, a team of scientists led by Cairo University found that underneath Egypt’s Abu-Tartur Plateau, remains were found of five now-extinct shark species in the remote portion of the Western Deserts, pointing to the conclusion that one of the world’s most notoriously dry places was once submerged under a warm, tropical sea.

Through their research, the scientists found 70-million-year-old evidence of 14 fossilized teeth, which are believed to have come from the five now-extinct shark groups, one of which may have never been found in Africa before, per The Daily Mail. This brings the total of shark species’ remains found in the area to seven.

The Abu Tartur Plateau in the Western Desert, Egypt was the site of the discovery of extinct sharks, pointing scientists to conclude that a thriving marine wildlife scene once lived there. Craig R. Glenn

The shark species never found at Abu-Tartur before include Cretalamna cf. maroccana, Scapanorhynchus cf. raphiodon, Serratolamna cf. serrata, Squalicorax bassanii and Squalicorax pristodontus, while Serratolamna cf. serrata and Squalicorax bassanii had never before been documented in Egypt at all.

What’s more, the needle-toothed Scapanorhynchus cf. raphiodon had likely never been found before in all of Africa.

Speaking of the sharks’ teeth, their shapes fell all over the board — with some being thin, like needles, and others looking wide and serrated. One chomper was even curved, pointing scientists to the conclusion that the various types meant that these sharks each hunted for different kinds of food. Their different placements also likely mean some preferred staying closer to shore, while others spent more time in the deep end.

The sharks, which were all found in the same phosphate-rich layer, join a variety of small fish, invertebrates and marine reptiles, all of which are considered to be evidence of a lush, once-thriving water-fueled ecosystem during the Late Cretaceous period, which spans between 145 million and 66 million years ago. At this time, the Earth was hotter and more humid, which would allow for this thriving environment that allowed for an abundance of wildlife.


Collage of various types and sizes of ancient shark teeth fossils.
The shark teeth found ranged widely in size and shape. Yassin et al., Cretac. Res., 2026

A process known as active upwelling, where currents of cold water carry nutrients from the greater depths towards the surface, likely affected the disappeared sea. This would have come along with a host of plankton and tiny organisms — perfect food for the chain of marine wildlife, researchers noted.

The blast from the past comes on the heels of another ancient Egypt discovery — evidence of a settlement dating back to the Second Intermediate Period, which has long played an important role in academic debates regarding the historical setting of the biblical Exodus.

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *